Improvement in lamp-burners



u UNITED 'STATES PATENT Oivriteno CHARLES H. KUPFER, OF HOBOKEN, NEW JERSEY.

IMPROVEMENT IN LAMP-BURNERS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent N 040,050, dated September 22, 1863.

.To all whom `it may concern.-

It is well known that a glass chimney be- Be it known that I, CHARLES HEINRICH comes less essential in coal-oillamps when the KUPFER, vof Hoboken, in the county ot' Hud son and State of New Jersey, have invented `a new and useful Improvement in the Construction of Burners for Kerosene or Goal-Oil Lamps and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the drawings which accompany and form a part of the specifica-tion. Y

Of the drawings, Figure l is a vertical section through the center of the wick-tube, showing the uted interior cone, F, and also representing the peculiar shape ot' the deiieetingcap G. Fig. 2 is an inside elevation of one half of the burner with the wicktube and cone F removed so as to show more plainly the manner in which IA arrange the perforations through which the external air is sup plied to the flame. This figure also represents the manner in which the deecting-cap is attached to the body ofthe burner. Fig. 3 is a plan of the cone F.

The chief characteristic of my invention consists in providin ga means of concentrating into a central vertical column vthe air which tlows in through the outer perf'orations of the burners, and in then causin g this column to be drawn up with a strong draft and deflected upon the base of the flame in a large volume.

In this way I am enabled by a device of simple construction and ot' few parts to secure avery thorough mingling of the oxygen of the air with the tiame from the wick, thereby producing a light of far more than the usual intensity,clearness,vand illuminating power.

vMy improvement also comprises a mode of preservingthe body of the burner in a cooler state than is customary while the lamp is burning by so attaching it to the ydeieetingcap that there shall be a ring or stratum ot' cold airas nearly all around betweenthe base .Ot' the cap and the body of the burner as possible, so that by this interposition of non-conducting air heat trom the flame is not con veyed to any injuriousextent to the oil-reservoir, but the contents of the latter are kept cool and unvaporized.- This last provision, as it greatly diminishes vdanger of explosion or of setting the oil in the reservoir on lire, renders my improved burner especially adapted for a hand-lamp in families.

parts of the lamp are so arranged theta suftlcient quantity of oxygen is conveyed to the wick to supply the flame under all circumstances, and when, either by means of perforations of therequisite number and neness, or by some equivalent therefor, this air shall be so supplied as toprevent sudden gusts upon the llame, so that the latter will not be affected when the lamp is moved through the air.

In my improved burner I have had these considerations in view, and by my method of construction I am enabled to dispense with a chimney, which is one of the leading and most useful features of my invention.

To enable others to make and use my improvement, I will describe it in detail.

A'is the body of the burner, the sides of which are perforated with a great number'of small holes, a a a. B is a flat-wick tube, and C c are 1 small serrated wheels and a thumb-piece for raising and lowering the wick, all these parts being the same as those commonly in use in coal-oil lamps, except that the upper end of the wick-tube is made flaring, as seen at e. Around the lower portion of the body of the burner, and below v.the series of perforations a a a, are one or more rows of larger perforations, b b, communicating with the external air. Within'the body A, and attached to its lower part, is a cap, F, formed i-n the shape of the frustrum of a cone, having its exterior surface uted or corrugated, as shownl at d d. The wick-tube passes u p through the center of this cone, F, and the shaft ot' the serrated wheels C also passes through it near its base.

G is a detlecting cap of peculiarshape. This cap, at about half-way of its height, is contracted and drawn inward, as shown at h, and then flares outward again below this contraction until at its base it becomes a little greater in diameter than the body of the burner and terminatesin therim or tlange k, by means of which it is secured to the body A. At about the point where this contraction takes place one or more rows of small perforations are introduced, as represented at m m. The' slit in the cap Gr, through which the name passes, is made wider at the bottom, as seen at o, than it is at the top, and Iprefer that the bottom of it, and also that the perfof v ducts of combrstionf rations m' m, shall be about yone-eighth of an inch below the upper end of the wick tube.

As the iiange 7c of this cap G slightly exceeds in diameter-the body A, as already mentioned, and, as the upper` edge of the body A does not touch the cap G, as will be seen in Fig.3, a small air-space, q, wiil vbe formed all around between the cap and the body, 'which arc only connected at two, three, or four points, s s s,

' either by soldering, riveting, or in any other suitable manner, or by some insulating mate- 1 rial or fastening, if preferred. vBythis means tuting d d, compressed together 'and directed inward, and is earried' toward the center from all sides and drawn upward in a con" centrate-d column until'it strikes the lower contracted part of the,V cap G, which in part d'eects it from the base of the name and in part-spreads it .in the chambery, around the tlaine, 'thoroughly mixingl it with the proforce, and inthe large `quantities, due tothe size of' the perforations b l), the iiuting ot the c'a-p Gr, and its contraction in the same way as the air previously referred to, while a still further supply enters by the upper holes, m m,

and is, together with the r'est of the contents -ot'the chambery, deflected upon the flame by the upper part of thecap Gr.

` I deem the utin gs of the cone F important, as, if th'eco'ne is plain on its exterior, the air wil-l be spread around it instead of being" con- The rarefaction of the' vatmosphere' around theame causes this cen- I tral air column to rush up with considerable centrated. I prefer that there sha-ll be one of -these fini ings opposite each of the perforations to b.

The small. perforations a'y c a and m m and the contraction of the cap G serve to break the force "of sudden currents of air to theiiame, and thereby tend to prevent its being affected when thelainp is moved.

The flaring top of the wicktubef broadens the base of the ame,and, in `connection, with vthe thorough mingling of air on the outside ot' the latter by the cap, tends to consume all or nearly all of the smoke.

do not claim the perforations a a a or b b yclaim by itself the interposition of a non-conductor betweenvthe burner and the oil-reser Voir but What I do cla-im as my invention, and dcsire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The arrangement within a burner ot' a` fiuted cone, F, constructed and operating suhstantially as set fort-h.

' 2. The deiiecting-cap G when provided with butw'hether with or `without the perforations m m, the whole constructed and operating substantially as described.7

3,"Thc combination, with said uted cone F, of the perforations b 1), operating as specined.

4. The combination ot' the tinted cone F, lche cap G,ccntracted as described, `and the perforations b b, the whole constructed and operating as above mentioned.

5. The arrangement set forth for attaching the cap Gr tothe body A-ot 'the burner so as to form an air-space, q, to diminish, the conduction ot heat to the oil-reservoir.

CHARLES HEINRCH KUFFER.

Witnesses:

ANDREW J. Toni), HERWICK DODGE.

or m m considered by themselves; nor do I acontraction, h,atabout-halt'-way of its height, 

